शिक्षण अवधारणा और मान्यताओं
शिक्षण: अवधारणा और मान्यताओं
शिक्षण अवधारणा और मान्यताओं :- शिक्षण पद्धति एक शिक्षक के रूप में शिक्षण के दायरे में शिक्षक शिक्षा या प्रशिक्षक प्रशिक्षण का एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण घटक है। इससे पहले कि हम शिक्षण पद्धति की अनिवार्यता पर ध्यान दें, कुछ प्रमुख अवधारणाओं को परिभाषित करना आवश्यक है। ये अवधारणाएं शिक्षण, शिक्षण और अंत में शिक्षण पद्धति हैं। इन अवधारणाओं की समझ हमारी समग्र समझ और शिक्षण पद्धति के अनुप्रयोग के लिए महत्वपूर्ण होगी।
ज्ञान एक बगीचे की तरह है: यदि इसकी खेती नहीं की जाती है, तो इसे काटा नहीं जा सकता। –
शिक्षण विधियाँ Teaching Methods
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अक्सर यह माना जाता है कि जब कोई व्यक्ति विषय को अच्छी तरह से जानता है, तो ऐसा व्यक्ति विषय को पढ़ाने में सक्षम होता है। उदाहरण के लिए, एक उच्च कुशल बढ़ई यह महसूस कर सकता है कि वह अपने व्यापार के कौशल में दूसरों को आसानी से निर्देश दे सकता है कि वह कैसे काम करता है और इसमें शामिल विचारों और उद्देश्यों की व्याख्या करता है। यह शिक्षण के लिए राशि नहीं है।
कई लोग गलती से भी सोचते हैं कि कोई भी सिखा सकता है। शायद एक गलत मिसाल जो इस सोच को पुष्ट करती है, वह है “अप्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों” की अवधारणा। हम अप्रशिक्षित डॉक्टरों, इंजीनियरों, वास्तुकारों आदि के बारे में शायद ही कभी सुनते हैं, जो अन्य लोगों की तरह एक पेशे को सिखाता है, वह यह है कि इसके अपने सिद्धांत, नैतिकता और अनूठी प्रथाएं हैं। इसलिए, हर टॉम, डिक और ‘हैरी शिक्षण में अपेक्षित प्रशिक्षण के बिना शिक्षण के कार्यों के लिए खुद से पूछताछ कर सकते हैं। शिक्षण केवल प्रशिक्षु के लिए नए कौशल और ज्ञान की प्रस्तुति नहीं है। यह भी नहीं है। शिक्षक (प्रशिक्षक प्रशिक्षु के हाथ या दिमाग में क्या जानता है। इसके अलावा, शिक्षण, शिक्षण के समान नहीं है और न ही शिक्षण का पर्याय बता रहा है।) प्रभावी शिक्षण का मतलब है कि कुछ चीजें हैं जो शिक्षक को करनी चाहिए और दूसरी चीजें हैं जो प्रशिक्षुओं को सीखने की संभावनाओं को बढ़ाने के लिए भी करना चाहिए। शिक्षक को औपचारिक, सैद्धांतिक और व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण से गुजरना पड़ता है। आर को यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उसकी गतिविधियों की योजना बनाने की जरूरत है ताकि प्रशिक्षु वांछनीय ज्ञान और कौशल प्राप्त कर सकें। प्रक्रिया सिखाने में उत्पाद की तरह ही महत्वपूर्ण है। अकेले उत्पाद पर ध्यान केंद्रित नहीं करता है * साधन और अंत दोनों महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
नियोजन महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि इसमें सीखने के अनुभवों का चयन और संगठन शामिल है जो शिक्षक और प्रशिक्षुओं के बीच सार्थक बातचीत का नेतृत्व करेगा।
“मुझे बताओ और मैं मुझे दिखाना भूल जाऊंगा और मैं इसे मेरे साथ करना याद रखूंगा और मुझे पता चल जाएगा”।
इसका मतलब है कि ज्ञान शिक्षण प्रक्रिया में शिक्षार्थियों (प्रशिक्षुओं) के साथ “सक्रिय रूप से” बताने, दिखाने और करने का एक परिणाम है।
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